Pheniramine Maleate

Veterinary

Available brands

Indications

Itching of unknown genesis and of various localisations, eczema, dermatitis, urticaria, skin edema, insect bites, photodermatitis, rhinitis, tail eczema in horses, stomatitis, toxic hoof corns and inflammation of the hooves of cattle, serum shock, paresis during pregnancy, puerperal toxemia and secondary retention, pulmonary edema in cattle, pulmonary emphysema in horses, toxic hypopepsia etc. The efficacy of Pheniramine has also been demonstrated in drug allergies, anaphylactic shock, laminitis, bloat in ruminants due to histamine atony of the rumen and also in the treatment of acute septic metritis in cows in conjunction with antibacterial therapy.

Pharmacology

Pheniramine competes with histamine for the histamine H1 receptor, acting as an inverse agonist once bound. The reduction in H1 receptor activity is responsible for reduced itching as well as reduced vasodilation and capillary leakage leading to less redness and edema. This can be seen in the suppression of the histamine-induced wheal (swelling) and flare (vasodilation) response. Inverse agonism of the H1 receptor in the CNS is also responsible for the sedation produced by first-generation antihistamines like pheniramine. The binding of pheniramine to H4 receptors, and subsequent inverse agonism, may also contribute to reduced itching by antagonizing inflammation.

Dosage & Administration

Pheniramine Maleate injection: This is administered by IM & IV route. The onset of action is quick following IV administration and acts within 10-20 minutes after IM administration. The drug can be administered 2-3 times daily, depending on the severity of the disease.

Cattle, Buffalo & Horse: 5-10 ml per day.
Goat & Sheep: 0.5-1 ml per day. Or as directed by the registered veterinary physician.

Pheniramine Maleate solution:

Large animals (Cattle, Buffalo & Horse): 5 to 10 ml
Small Animals (Goat & Sheep): ½ to 1 ml

The dosage should be adjusted individually. If possible small doses are given first because it has often been shown that antiallergic drugs are effective in comparatively small dosage. Pheniramine Maleate may be administered intramuscularly or intravenously. The onset of action depends on the mode of administration. Mostly there is an immediate effect on intravenous administration; on intramuscular administration, it takes about 10-20 minutes for the effect to set on. Injection may be repeated after 8-12 hours, if necessary. Or as directed by the registered veterinarian.

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Contraindications

The drug is contraindicated in animal hypersensitive to active ingredient.

Side Effects

In therapeutic doses, slight insomnia, drowsiness may develop & may feel fatigue. Injection may be irritant and transient hypotension or stimulation of the CNS.

Pregnancy & Lactation

Safety for the use of Pheniramine Maleate injection during pregnancy has not been established. Pheniramine Maleate injection should only be used when clearly needed and the potential benefit outweighs the potential unknown risks to the fetus. Use during lactation is not recommended.