Enrofloxacin
Veterinary
Indications
Enrofloxacin Solution is used for the treatment of infections of respiratory tract, G.I tract, urinary & reproductive organs of poultry caused by gram-positive & gram-negative bacteria, Mycoplasma etc. e.g. CRD, Mycoplasmosis, Fowl cholera (Pasteurellosis), Fowl typhoid, Paratyphoid, E. coli infection (Colibacillosis), Actinobacillosis, Salmonellosais, Brucellosis, Coli septicemia, Staphylococcal & Streptococcal infection, secondary infection due to mixed bacterial & viral infection etc.
Pharmacology
A specific enzyme called DNA-gyrase produces the necessary super coiling of DNA in a number of identifiable chromosomal domonies so that it can be twisted tightly & then sealed around an RNA core. This process is very much essential to complete bacterial life cycle. To achieve this, the chromosome has to be transiently nicked prior to sealing.
Enrofloxacin (an antibiotic of quinolones group) inhibits the activity of DNA-gyrase enzyme, leading to a reduction in super coiling and serious disruption of the spatial arrangement of DNA. As a result bacterial life cycle is disrupted. The exposed nicks also induce exonucleases, which degrade chromosomal DNA into small non-functional fragments. The Enrofloxacin affected bacteria increases in length & clearing of the cytoplasm at the periphery takes place. This in turn is followed by lysis & ultimately only bacterial ghosts remain. The action of Enrofloxacin (quinolones) is bacteriocidal and the viability of susceptible organisms is usually lost within 20-30 min of exposure to optimal antibacterial concentration.
Enrofloxacin (an antibiotic of quinolones group) inhibits the activity of DNA-gyrase enzyme, leading to a reduction in super coiling and serious disruption of the spatial arrangement of DNA. As a result bacterial life cycle is disrupted. The exposed nicks also induce exonucleases, which degrade chromosomal DNA into small non-functional fragments. The Enrofloxacin affected bacteria increases in length & clearing of the cytoplasm at the periphery takes place. This in turn is followed by lysis & ultimately only bacterial ghosts remain. The action of Enrofloxacin (quinolones) is bacteriocidal and the viability of susceptible organisms is usually lost within 20-30 min of exposure to optimal antibacterial concentration.
Dosage & Administration
Enrofloxacin Solution can be administered through drinking water in the following dosage rate –
- Treatment: 1 ml/2 liter of drinking water for 3-5 days ( 10 mg/kg body weight).
- Prevention: 1 ml/4 liter of drinking water for 3-5 days ( 5 mg/kg body weight).
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Interaction
Enrofloxacin Solution Should not use with chloramphenicol, macrolides & tetracycline. Magnesium & Aluminium containing substances might hamper the absorption of Enrofloxacin from Gastrointestinal tract.
Contraindications
The drug is contraindicated in animals or birds hypersensitive to enrofloxacin or other quinolones. It should not be used for poultry resistant to any quinolone derivative because cross resistance may develop.
Side Effects
No side effect is reported at the recommended dose.
Precautions & Warnings
Withdrawal Period: Poultry (Broiler) treated with Enrofloxacin should not be slaughtered for human consumption for a period of 7 days after last treatment.
Storage Conditions
Store in a cool & dry place. Protect from light & moisture and keep out of reach of children.
